Space-time vortex driven crossover and vortex turbulence phase transition in one-dimensional driven open condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates a first-order phase transition in one-dimensional driven open condensates, revealing a novel non-equilibrium vortex turbulence phase characterized by non-thermal vortex density and quasiparticle distributions, with implications for experimental realization.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of space-time vortex turbulence as a new stable phase in driven open condensates and characterizes its properties and transition dynamics.

Findings

Identification of a first-order transition driven by non-equilibrium conditions.

Discovery of a stable space-time vortex turbulence phase with non-thermal features.

Observation of a new time scale associated with noise-activated unbound vortices.

Abstract

We find a first order transition driven by the strength of non-equilibrium conditions of one-dimensional driven open condensates. Associated with this transition is a new stable non-equilibrium phase, space-time vortex turbulence, whose vortex density and quasiparticle distribution show strongly non-thermal behavior. Below the transition, we identify a new time scale associated with noise activated unbound space-time vortices, beyond which the temporal coherence function changes from a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang type subexponential to a disordered exponential decay. Experimental realization of the non-equilibrium vortex turbulent phase is facilitated in driven open condensates with a large diffusion rate.