Search for the effect of massive bodies on atomic spectra and constraints on Yukawa-type interactions of scalar particles

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel spectroscopic method to detect feeble scalar particle interactions with Standard Model particles influenced by massive bodies, setting new constraints on Yukawa-type interactions over large length scales.

Contribution

It presents a new approach using atomic spectroscopy data to constrain Yukawa-type scalar interactions, extending sensitivity to larger length scales beyond traditional methods.

Findings

Constraints on scalar-photon coupling: Λ_γ > 8×10^19 GeV

Constraints on scalar-electron coupling: Λ_e > 1.3×10^19 GeV

Constraints on scalar-nucleon coupling: Λ_N > 6×10^20 GeV

Abstract

We propose a new method to search for hypothetical scalar particles that have feeble interactions with Standard-Model particles. In the presence of massive bodies, these interactions produce a non-zero Yukawa-type scalar-field magnitude. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy data of atomic dysprosium, as well as atomic clock spectroscopy data, we constrain the Yukawa-type interactions of a scalar field with the photon, electron, and nucleons for a range of scalar-particle masses corresponding to length scales $ > 10$ cm. In the limit as the scalar-particle mass $m_\phi \to 0$, our derived limits on the Yukawa-type interaction parameters are: $\Lambda_\gamma \gtrsim 8 \times 10^{19}$ GeV, $\Lambda_e \gtrsim 1.3 \times 10^{19}$ GeV, and $\Lambda_N \gtrsim 6 \times 10^{20}$ GeV. Our measurements also constrain combinations of interaction parameters, which cannot otherwise be probed with traditional anomalous-force measurements. We suggest further measurements to improve on the current level of sensitivity.