Qubit Transport Model for Unitary Black Hole Evaporation without Firewalls

TL;DR

This paper presents a toy qubit transport model for black hole evaporation that preserves unitarity, avoids firewalls, and aligns with physical constraints, offering a qualitative understanding of information transfer during black hole evaporation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel qubit transport model that transfers information without firewalls and satisfies physical constraints, advancing the understanding of black hole information paradox solutions.

Findings

Model avoids firewalls at the event horizon

Fits the set of physical constraints for black hole evaporation

Qualitatively consistent with expected Hawking radiation behavior

Abstract

We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field. The model has no firewalls or other drama at the event horizon, and it avoids a counterargument that has been raised for subsystem transfer models as resolutions of the firewall paradox. Furthermore, it fits the set of six physical constraints that Giddings has proposed for models of black hole evaporation. It does utilize nonlocal qubits for the gravitational field but assumes that the radiation interacts locally with these nonlocal qubits, so in some sense the nonlocality is confined to the gravitational sector. Although the qubit model is too crude to be quantitively correct for the detailed spectrum of Hawking radiation, it fits qualitatively with what is expected.