Approach to a Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis by the Second Mean-Value Theorem of Calculus

TL;DR

This paper claims to prove the Riemann Hypothesis by applying the second mean-value theorem of calculus to a class of functions related to the Riemann zeta function, demonstrating their zeros lie on the imaginary axis.

Contribution

It introduces a novel proof of the Riemann Hypothesis by linking the zeros of a class of functions to the second mean-value theorem and integral representations, extending known results to a broader class.

Findings

Zeros of the class of functions ${ m \Xi}(z)$ lie on the imaginary axis.

Includes functions like modified Bessel functions with zeros on the imaginary axis.

Provides an alternative formal description using Mellin transforms.

Abstract

By the second mean-value theorem of calculus (Gauss-Bonnet theorem) we prove that the class of functions ${\mit \Xi}(z)$ with an integral representation of the form $\int_{0}^{+\infty}du\,{\mit \Omega}(u)\,{\rm ch}(uz)$ with a real-valued function ${\mit \Omega}(u) \ge 0$ which is non-increasing and decreases in infinity more rapidly than any exponential functions $\exp\left(-\lambda u\right),\,\lambda >0$ possesses zeros only on the imaginary axis. The Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ as it is known can be related to an entire function $\xi(s)$ with the same non-trivial zeros as $\zeta(s)$. Then after a trivial argument displacement $s\leftrightarrow z=s-\frac{1}{2}$ we relate it to a function ${\mit \Xi}(z)$ with a representation of the form ${\mit \Xi}(z)=\int_{0}^{+\infty}du\,{\mit \Omega}(u)\,{\rm ch}(uz)$ where ${\mit \Omega}(u)$ is rapidly decreasing in infinity and satisfies all requirements necessary for the given proof of the position of its zeros on the imaginary axis $z={\rm i} y$ by the second mean-value theorem. Besides this theorem we apply the Cauchy-Riemann differential equation in an integrated operator form derived in the Appendix B. All this means that we prove a theorem for zeros of ${\mit \Xi}(z)$ on the imaginary axis $z={\rm i} y$ for a whole class of function ${\mit \Omega}(u)$ which includes in this way the proof of the Riemann hypothesis. This whole class includes, in particular, the modified Bessel functions ${\rm I}_{\nu}(z)$ for which it is known that their zeros lie on the imaginary axis and which affirms our conclusions. A class of almost-periodic functions to piece-wise constant nonincreasing functions ${\rm \Omega}(u)$ belongs also to this case. At the end we give shortly an equivalent way of a more formal description of the obtained results using the Mellin transform of functions with its variable substituted by an operator.