An atom-by-atom assembler of defect-free arbitrary 2d atomic arrays

TL;DR

This paper presents a method to deterministically assemble large, defect-free 2D arrays of single atoms in arbitrary geometries using real-time control and optical tweezers, advancing quantum engineering capabilities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel atom-by-atom assembly technique that converts disordered atom arrays into fully loaded, customizable 2D arrays with high precision.

Findings

Successfully created 2D arrays of up to 50 atoms in arbitrary geometries.

Achieved unit filling from initially half-filled random arrays.

Demonstrated real-time control for defect-free array assembly.

Abstract

Large arrays of individually controlled atoms trapped in optical tweezers are a very promising platform for quantum engineering applications. However, to date, only disordered arrays have been demonstrated, due to the non-deterministic loading of the traps. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of fully loaded, two-dimensional arrays of up to 50 microtraps each containing a single atom, and arranged in arbitrary geometries. Starting from initially larger, half-filled matrices of randomly loaded traps, we obtain user-defined target arrays at unit filling. This is achieved with a real-time control system and a moving optical tweezers that performs a sequence of rapid atom moves depending on the initial distribution of the atoms in the arrays. These results open exciting prospects for quantum engineering with neutral atoms in tunable geometries.