Resonance identity and multiplicity of non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler $\mathbb{R}P^{n}$

TL;DR

This paper proves a resonance identity for non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler real projective spaces and demonstrates the existence of at least two such geodesics under certain conditions, extending previous results.

Contribution

It establishes a resonance identity for non-contractible closed geodesics and proves the existence of at least two such geodesics on Finsler real projective spaces with bumpy, irreversible metrics.

Findings

Resonance identity for non-contractible geodesics established

At least two non-contractible closed geodesics exist under specified conditions

Results extend previous work on reversible Finsler metrics

Abstract

In this paper, we establish first the resonance identity for non-contractible homologically visible prime closed geodesics on Finsler $n$-dimensional real projective space $(\mathbb{R}P^n,F)$ when there exist only finitely many distinct non-contractible closed geodesics on $(\mathbb{R}P^n,F)$, where the integer $n\geq2$. Then as an application of this resonance identity, we prove the existence of at least two distinct non-contractible closed geodesics on $\mathbb{R}P^{n}$ with a bumpy and irreversible Finsler metric. Together with two previous results on bumpy and reversible Finsler metrics in \cite{DLX2015} and \cite{Tai2016}, it yields that every $\mathbb{R}P^{n}$ with a bumpy Finsler metric possesses at least two distinct non-contractible closed geodesics.