Rogue waves in birefringent optical fibers

TL;DR

This paper investigates rogue wave formation in birefringent optical fibers using coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, revealing that focusing properties and birefringence angles influence rogue wave occurrence and characteristics.

Contribution

It provides new insights into how focusing and defocusing components in CNLS equations affect rogue wave generation in birefringent fibers.

Findings

Larger growth rates do not always lead to more rogue events when at least one component is defocusing.

Maximum rogue wave events occur at specific birefringence angles.

The nature of rogue waves varies depending on focusing or defocusing conditions.

Abstract

Rogue waves in birefringent optical fibers are analyzed within the framework of the coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger (CNLS) system. The generation of rogue waves is frequently associated with modulation instability (MI). It is commonly expected that since the CNLS equations exhibit larger growth rates they should also produce more rogue events than their scalar counterparts. This is found to occur only when both equations are focusing. When at least one component is defocusing, the CNLS equations may still exhibit larger growth rates, compared to the scalar system, but that does not necessarily result in more or larger events. The birefringence angle for which the maximum number of events occurs is also identified and the nature of the rogue wave is described for the different cases.