The Quantum Prediction for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) Experiments

TL;DR

This paper analyzes quantum predictions for EPR experiments, showing that the orthodox approach implies superluminal communication, and proposes alternative models consistent with relativity, highlighting Luders' rule as the paradox's root.

Contribution

It derives the quantum joint prediction for EPR correlations and demonstrates the superluminal implications of the separated measurement solution, proposing alternatives respecting relativity.

Findings

Quantum joint prediction involves a single sampling.

Separated measurement solution requires superluminal information transfer.

Luders' rule is identified as the source of the EPR paradox.

Abstract

Quantum mechanics allows for multiple predictions for the outcome of an EPR experiment. The correct calculation must be used, guided by the physical conditions of the experiment. The quantum joint prediction for EPR correlation is derived and shown to involve a single sampling. The solution for separated measurement, where there are two private samplings, is then developed using orthodox quantum mechanics with Luders' rule for state projection on measurement. The separated solution is shown to duplicate the predictions of the quantum joint solution. However, it is shown that this solution requires superluminal transmission of information and therefore it is physically impossible. Alternative predictions respecting special relativity are developed using both Von Neumann projection and null projection (no projection at all). Conditions for the proper application of state projection rules are considered and Luders' rule is identified as the primary culprit in the EPR paradox. It cannot be applied to EPR.