Solar Energetic Particle Event Associated with the 2012 July 23 Extreme Solar Storm

TL;DR

This study analyzes the 2012 July 23 extreme solar storm and associated solar energetic particle event using multi-point spacecraft observations to understand particle acceleration, transport, and the complex magnetic environment of the inner heliosphere.

Contribution

It provides a detailed multi-point analysis of the SEP event linked to a major solar storm, highlighting the complex magnetic configuration and particle distribution mechanisms.

Findings

Wide longitudinal spread of energetic particles at 1 AU

Complex magnetic configuration influences particle transport

Insights into particle acceleration and distribution mechanisms

Abstract

We study the solar energetic particle (SEP) event associated with the 2012 July 23 extreme solar storm, for which STEREO and the spacecraft at L1 provide multi-point remote sensing and in situ observations. The extreme solar storm, with a superfast shock and extremely enhanced ejecta magnetic fields observed near 1 AU at STEREO A, was caused by the combination of successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Meanwhile, energetic particles were observed by STEREO and near-Earth spacecraft such as ACE and SOHO, suggestive of a wide longitudinal spread of the particles at 1 AU. Combining the SEP observations with in situ plasma and magnetic field measurements we investigate the longitudinal distribution of the SEP event in connection with the associated shock and CMEs. Our results underscore the complex magnetic configuration of the inner heliosphere formed by solar eruptions. The examinations of particle intensities, proton anisotropy distributions, element abundance ratios, magnetic connectivity and spectra also give important clues for the particle acceleration, transport and distribution.