Generalized geodesic deviation equations and an entanglement first law for rotating BTZ black holes

TL;DR

This paper develops a systematic method to compute changes in holographic entanglement entropy for rotating BTZ black holes by deriving generalized geodesic deviation equations, extending the entanglement first law beyond leading order.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized geodesic deviation equation for rotating BTZ black holes and applies it to calculate second-order changes in holographic entanglement entropy.

Findings

Derived a systematic way to compute geodesic deviations in rotating BTZ.

Matched second-order HEE changes with HRT proposal.

Extended the entanglement first law beyond leading order.

Abstract

The change in Holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) for small fluctuations about pure AdS is given by a perturbative expansion of the area functional in terms of the change in the bulk metric and the embedded extremal surface. However it is known that change in the embedding appear at second order or higher. In this paper we show that these changes in the embedding can be systematically calculated in the 2+1 dimensional case by accounting for the deviation of the spacelike geodesics between a spacetime and perturbations over it. Here we consider rotating BTZ as perturbation over $AdS_3$ and study deviations of spacelike geodesics in them. We argue that these deviations arise naturally as solutions of a "generalized geodesic deviation equation". Using this we perturbatively calculate the changes in HEE upto second order, for rotating BTZ. This expression matches with the small system size expansion of the change in HEE obtained by HRT (Hubeny, Rangamani and Takayanagi) proposal for rotating BTZ. We also write an alternative form of entanglement first law for rotating BTZ. To do this one needs to go beyond the leading order in the perturbation series discussed above. That's precisely the reason we consider finding a systematic way to calculate it. To put our result on a firm footing we further show that it is this alternative first law that approaches the thermal first law in the large subsystem size limit.