Thermal mock-up studies of the DEPFET pixel vertex detector for Belle II

TL;DR

This paper presents thermal and mechanical studies of a DEPFET pixel vertex detector mock-up for Belle II, validating cooling concepts crucial for detector performance in high-energy physics experiments.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed thermal and mechanical analysis of a DEPFET PXD mock-up, supporting the detector's cooling and operation in Belle II.

Findings

Effective evaporative CO2 cooling demonstrated

Mechanical stability confirmed under operational conditions

Thermal performance meets detector requirements

Abstract

The Belle II experiment currently under construction at the $e^+e^-$-collider SuperKEKB in Japan is designed to explore new physics beyond the standard model with an approximately 50 times larger data sample compared to its predecessor. The vertex detector (VXD), comprising a two layer DEPFET pixel detector (PXD) surrounded by four layers of double sided silicon strip detector (SVD), is indispensable for the accurate determination of the decay point of $B$ or $D$ meson as well as track reconstruction of low momentum particles. The DEPFET sensors in Belle II are thinned down to 75 $\mu$m with low power consumption and low intrinsic noise. In the DEPFET concept, the front-end electronics is placed outside of the sensitive area, and thus no cooling components are necessary inside the physics acceptance of the detector. Evaporative two-phase CO$_2$ cooling in combination with forced air flow has been chosen as the scheme for the PXD cooling. To guarantee the DEPFET detector operation condition and verify the cooling concept, a PXD mockup is constructed at DESY. Studies of the thermal and mechanical performance are presented in this paper.