Optimal Tree Hash Modes: the Case of Trees Having their Leaves at All the Levels

TL;DR

This paper introduces an optimized tree-based hash mode that minimizes the number of hash function evaluations by using a tree with leaves at all levels, improving efficiency for parallel processing.

Contribution

It demonstrates how to further optimize hash computation time by employing a tree with leaves at all levels, extending previous work on tree-based hash modes.

Findings

Digest computed in approximately log_{d+1}(l/2)+2 hash evaluations.

Uses about l/2 processors for parallel hash computation.

Optimizes parallel running time for trees with restricted height.

Abstract

A recent work shows how we can optimize a tree based mode of operation for a hash function where the sizes of input message blocks and digest are the same, subject to the constraint that the involved tree structure has all its leaves at the same depth. In this work, we show that we can further optimize the running time of such a mode by using a tree having leaves at all its levels. We make the assumption that the input message block has a size a multiple of that of the digest and denote by $d$ the ratio block size over digest size. The running time is evaluated in terms of number of operations performed by the hash function, i.e. the number of calls to its underlying function. It turns out that a digest can be computed in $\lceil \log_{d+1} (l/2) \rceil+2$ evaluations of the underlying function using $\lceil l/2 \rceil$ processors, where $l$ is the number of blocks of the message. Other results of interest are discussed, such as the optimization of the parallel running time for a tree of restricted height.