Existence of Global Weak Solutions to a Hybrid Vlasov-MHD Model for Magnetized Plasmas

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence of global weak solutions for a complex hybrid Vlasov-MHD model describing magnetized plasmas, ensuring physically relevant properties like energy conservation and nonnegativity.

Contribution

It establishes the first rigorous proof of global weak solutions for a coupled Vlasov-MHD system in three dimensions, including detailed energy and conservation properties.

Findings

Existence of global weak solutions with finite energy.

Solutions conserve total momentum and mass.

Probability density remains nonnegative.

Abstract

We prove the global-in-time existence of large-data finite-energy weak solutions to an incompressible hybrid Vlasov-magnetohydrodynamic model in three space dimensions. The model couples three essential ingredients of magnetized plasmas: a transport equation for the probability density function, which models energetic rarefied particles of one species; the incompressible Navier--Stokes system for the bulk fluid; and a parabolic evolution equation, involving magnetic diffusivity, for the magnetic field. The physical derivation of our model is given. It is also shown that the weak solution, whose existence is established, has nonincreasing total energy, and that it satisfies a number of physically relevant properties, including conservation of the total momentum, conservation of the total mass, and nonnegativity of the probability density function for the energetic particles. The proof is based on a one-level approximation scheme, which is carefully devised to avoid increase of the total energy for the sequence of approximating solutions, in conjunction with a weak compactness argument for the sequence of approximating solutions. The key technical challenges in the analysis of the mathematical model are the nondissipative nature of the Vlasov-type particle equation and passage to the weak limits in the multilinear coupling terms.