Perspectives on Gamma-Ray Burst Physics and Cosmology with Next Generation Facilities

TL;DR

Next-generation high-energy and multi-wavelength facilities are essential for advancing the study of high-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts, enabling deeper insights into the early Universe and cosmic reionization.

Contribution

This paper outlines upcoming experimental and observational tools designed to significantly improve detection and analysis of high-redshift GRBs and their afterglows.

Findings

Development of more sensitive wide-field gamma-ray instruments.

Implementation of large multi-wavelength follow-up facilities.

Potential to explore the reionization era with new telescopes.

Abstract

High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) beyond redshift $\sim6$ are potentially powerful tools to probe the distant early Universe. Their detections in large numbers and at truly high redshifts call for the next generation of high-energy wide-field instruments with unprecedented sensitivity at least one order of magnitude higher than the ones currently in orbit. On the other hand, follow-up observations of the afterglows of high-redshift GRBs and identification of their host galaxies, which would be difficult for the currently operating telescopes, require new, extremely large facilities of at multi-wavelengths. This chapter describes future experiments that are expected to advance this exciting field, both being currently built and being proposed. The legacy of Swift will be continued by SVOM, which is equipped with a set of space-based multi-wavelength instruments as well as and a ground segment including a wide angle camera and two follow-up telescopes. The established Lobster-eye X-ray focusing optics provides a promising technology for the detection of faint GRBs at very large distances, based on which the {THESEUS}, {Einstein Probe} and other mission concepts have been proposed. Follow-up observations and exploration of the reionization era will be enabled by large facilities such as {SKA} in the radio, the 30m class telescopes in the optical/near-IR, and the space-borne {WFIRST} and {JWST} in the optical/near-IR/mid-IR. In addition, the X-ray and $\gamma$-ray polarization experiment POLAR is also introduced.