Lost and found: evidence of Second Generation stars along the Asymptotic Giant Branch of the globular cluster NGC 6752

TL;DR

This study finds evidence of both first and second generation stars along the asymptotic giant branch in NGC 6752, challenging previous assumptions and aligning with stellar evolution models.

Contribution

It provides the first chemical abundance analysis of AGB stars showing second generation stars are present, contrary to prior beliefs.

Findings

Both first and second generation stars are found on the AGB.

Second generation stars with mild Na and He enrichment reach the AGB.

Stars with extreme Na enrichment do not appear on the AGB.

Abstract

We derived chemical abundances for C, N, O, Na, Mg and Al in 20 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the globular cluster NGC 6752. All these elements (but Mg) show intrinsic star-to-star variations and statistically significant correlations or anticorrelations analogous to those commonly observed in red giant stars of globular clusters hosting multiple populations. This demonstrates that, at odds with previous findings, both first and second generation stars populate the AGB of NGC 6752. The comparison with the Na abundances of red giant branch stars in the same cluster reveals that second generation stars (with mild Na and He enrichment) do reach the AGB phase. The only objects that are not observed along the AGB of NGC 6752 are stars with extreme Na enhancement. This is also consistent with standard stellar evolution models, showing that highly Na and He enriched stars populate the bluest portion of the horizontal branch and, because of their low stellar masses, evolve directly to the white dwarf cooling sequence, skipping the AGB phase.