Multiplicity and Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in asymmetric and deformed nuclear collisions in a Wounded Quark Model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a modified wounded quark model to accurately describe charged particle multiplicities and pseudorapidity densities across various asymmetric, symmetric, and deformed nuclear collisions, aligning well with experimental data.

Contribution

A new version of the wounded quark model is developed to unify the description of particle production in diverse nuclear collision systems and geometries.

Findings

Model accurately describes experimental data across different collision types.

Charged particle multiplicities depend on collision centrality.

Pseudorapidity densities are well-reproduced for deformed nuclei collisions.

Abstract

The charged particle multiplicity ($n_{ch}$) and pseudorapidity density $(dn_{ch}/d\eta)$ are key observables to characterize the properties of matter created in heavy ion collisions. The dependence of these observables on collision energy and the collision geometry are a key tool to understand the underlying particle production mechanism. Recently a lot of focus has been made on asymmetric and deformed nuclei collisions since these collisions can provide a deeper understanding about the nature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). On phenomenological perspective a unified model which describes the experimental data coming from various kind of collision experiments, is much needed to provide the physical insights about the production mechanism. In this paper, we have calculated the charged hadron multiplicities for nucleon-nucleus (such as proton-lead $(p-Pb)$ and asymmetric nuclei collisions like deutron-gold $(d-Au)$, and copper-gold $(Cu-Au)$ within a new version of wounded quark model (WQM) and shown their variation with respect to centrality. Further we have used a suitable density function within our WQM to calculate pseudorapidity density of charged hadrons at mid-rapidity in the collisions of deformed uranium nuclei. We found that our model with suitable density functions describes the experimental data for symmetric, asymmetric and deformed nuclei collisions simultaneously over a wide range of collision energy.