Stochastic Models of Vesicular Sorting in Cellular Organelles

TL;DR

This paper models vesicular sorting in cellular organelles as a stochastic process, revealing how the balance of vesicle fusion and budding rates affects sorting efficiency and compartment size distribution.

Contribution

It introduces a first passage process framework to analyze membrane sorting, highlighting the impact of stochastic fluctuations and identifying optimal vesicle dynamics for efficient sorting.

Findings

Fast sorting at low vesicle fusion/budding ratios with broad size distribution.

Slow but precise sorting at high ratios with well-defined compartments.

Stochastic effects are crucial for understanding intra-cellular organization.

Abstract

The proper sorting of membrane components by regulated exchange between cellular organelles is crucial to intra-cellular organisation. This process relies on the budding and fusion of transport vesicles, and should be strongly influenced by stochastic fluctuations considering the relatively small size of many organelles. We identify the perfect sorting of two membrane components initially mixed in a single compartment as a first passage process, and we show that the mean sorting time exhibits two distinct regimes as a function of the ratio of vesicle fusion to budding rates. Low ratio values lead to fast sorting, but results in a broad size distribution of sorted compartments dominated by small entities. High ratio values result in two well defined sorted compartments but is exponentially slow. Our results suggest an optimal balance between vesicle budding and fusion for the rapid and efficient sorting of membrane components, and highlight the importance of stochastic effects for the steady-state organisation of intra-cellular compartments.