An analytic function approach to weak mutually unbiased bases

TL;DR

This paper explores a novel analytic approach using Theta functions to connect weak mutually unbiased bases, phase space lines, and zeros in complex analysis, revealing a deep correspondence among these structures in quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces an analytic representation linking weak mutually unbiased bases, phase space lines, and Theta function zeros, establishing a new mathematical framework in quantum information theory.

Findings

Established a correspondence (triality) among three quantum structures.

Provided an analytic representation using Theta functions.

Focused on systems where the dimension is a product of two odd primes.

Abstract

Quantum systems with variables in ${\mathbb Z}(d)$ are considered, and three different structures are studied. The first is weak mutually unbiased bases, for which the absolute value of the overlap of any two vectors in two different bases is $1/\sqrt{k}$ (where $k|d$) or $0$. The second is maximal lines through the origin in the ${\mathbb Z}(d)\times {\mathbb Z}(d)$ phase space. The third is an analytic representation in the complex plane based on Theta functions, and their zeros. It is shown that there is a correspondence (triality) that links strongly these three apparently different structures. For simplicity, the case where $d=p_1\times p_2$, where $p_1,p_2$ are odd prime numbers different from each other, is considered.