Weakly nonlinear models for internal waves: inverse scattering transform and solitary wave contents

TL;DR

This paper develops an inverse scattering transform approach for stratified Euler fluids to predict solitary wave features from dam-break initial conditions, validated through simulations and experiments, improving upon classical models.

Contribution

It introduces a regularized integrable model and applies IST to estimate solitary wave properties in stratified fluids, bridging theory and numerical experiments.

Findings

Regularized Kaup model cures ill-posedness.

IST-based predictions align with simulations in weakly nonlinear regimes.

Improved accuracy over classical unidirectional models.

Abstract

The time evolution emanating from "internal dam-break" initial conditions is studied for a class of models of stratified Euler fluids in configurations close to two-homogeneous layers separated by a thin diffused interface. Direct numerical simulations and experiments in wave tanks show that such initial conditions eventually give rise to coherent structures that are close to solitary-wave solutions moving ahead of a region of dispersive wave motion and turbulent mixing close to the location of the initial dam step. A priori theoretical predictions of the main features of these solitary waves, such as their amplitudes and speeds, appear to be unavailable, even for simplified models of wave evolution in stratified fluids. With the aim of providing estimates of the existence, amplitude and speed of such solitary waves, an approach based on Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) for completely integrable models is developed here and tested against direct numerical simulations of Euler fluids and some of their models based on long wave asymptotics. In particular, a novel regularized version of the Kaup model is developed to cure its mathematical ill-posedness, thereby making possible the use of its analytical predictions on the solitary-waves "content" emanating from step-like initial conditions. The a priori estimates of the new regularized model are found to be in reasonable agreement with the direct numerical simulations for weakly nonlinear regimes, this significantly improves predictions based on unidirectional models such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation.