The Hanle and Zeeman polarization signals of the solar Ca II 8542 \AA\ line

TL;DR

This study investigates the polarization signals of the solar Ca II 8542 Å line, emphasizing the combined effects of atomic level polarization, Hanle, and Zeeman effects in a 3D solar atmosphere model.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive 3D radiative transfer analysis of polarization signals, highlighting the importance of considering symmetry breaking and joint effects for accurate modeling.

Findings

Zeeman effect dominates in strong, inclined magnetic patches.

Atomic level polarization often dominates outside localized magnetic regions.

Proper modeling requires accounting for symmetry breaking and combined effects.

Abstract

We highlight the main results of a three-dimensional (3D) multilevel radiative transfer investigation about the solar disk-center polarization of the Ca {\sc ii} 8542 \AA\ line. First, we investigate the linear polarization due to the atomic level polarization produced by the absorption and scattering of anisotropic radiation in a 3D model of the solar atmosphere, taking into account the symmetry breaking effects caused by its thermal, dynamic and magnetic structure. Second, we study the contribution of the Zeeman effect to the linear and circular polarization. Finally, we show examples of the Stokes profiles produced by the joint action of atomic level polarization and the Hanle and Zeeman effects. We find that the Zeeman effect tends to dominate the linear polarization signals only in the localized patches of opposite magnetic polarity where the magnetic field is relatively strong and slightly inclined, while outside such very localized patches the linear polarization is often dominated by the contribution of atomic level polarization. We demonstrate that a correct modeling of this last contribution requires taking into account the symmetry breaking effects caused by the thermal, dynamic and magnetic structure of the solar atmosphere, and that in the 3D model used the Hanle effect in forward-scattering geometry (disk center observation) mainly reduces the polarization corresponding to the zero-field case. We emphasize that, in general, a reliable modeling of the linear polarization in the Ca {\sc ii} 8542 \AA\ line requires taking into account the joint action of atomic level polarization and the Hanle and Zeeman effects.