Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview
Usman Raza, Parag Kulkarni, Mahesh Sooriyabandara

TL;DR
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Low Power Wide Area networks, highlighting their design goals, technologies, standardization efforts, challenges, and future research directions for IoT connectivity.
Contribution
It surveys emerging LPWA technologies, standardization activities, and discusses common limitations, offering insights into future research challenges and opportunities.
Findings
LPWA technologies enable wide-area, low-power IoT connectivity.
Standardization efforts are ongoing across multiple organizations.
LPWA faces shared limitations and challenges that require further research.
Abstract
Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates. We survey several emerging LPWA technologies and the standardization activities carried out by different standards development organizations (e.g., IEEE, IETF, 3GPP, ETSI) as well as the industrial consortia built around individual…
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