Gas absorption and dust extinction towards the Orion Nebula Cluster

TL;DR

This study investigates the relationship between gas and dust in the Orion Nebula Cluster using X-ray and infrared data, finding a specific N_H/A_V ratio and highlighting systematic uncertainties affecting this measurement.

Contribution

It provides a new estimate of the N_H/A_V ratio in the Orion Nebula Cluster and analyzes the impact of various assumptions and uncertainties on this ratio.

Findings

N_H/A_V ratio of (1.39 +- 0.14) x 10^21 cm^-2 mag^-1 for Class III sources

Ratio is about 31% lower than the Galactic average

Systematic uncertainties, especially metal abundances, limit definitive conclusions.

Abstract

We characterise the relation between the gas and dust content of the interstellar medium towards young stellar objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster. X-ray observations provide estimates of the absorbing equivalent hydrogen column density N_H based on spectral fits. Near-infrared extinction values are calculated from intrinsic and observed colour magnitudes (J-H) and (H-K_s) as given by the VISTA Orion A survey. A linear fit of the correlation between column density and extinction values A_V yields an estimate of the N_H/A_V ratio. We investigate systematic uncertainties of the results by describing and (if possible) quantifying the influence of circumstellar material and the adopted extinction law, X-ray models, and elemental abundances on the N_H/A_V ratio. Assuming a Galactic extinction law with R_V=3.1 and solar abundances by Anders & Grevesse (1989), we deduce an N_H/A_V ratio of (1.39 +- 0.14) x 10^21 cm^-2 mag^-1 for Class III sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster where the given error does not include systematic uncertainties. This ratio is consistent with similar studies in other star-forming regions and approximately 31% lower than the Galactic value. We find no obvious trends in the spatial distribution of N_H/A_V ratios. Changes in the assumed extinction law and elemental abundances are demonstrated to have a relevant impact on deduced A_V and N_H values, respectively. Large systematic uncertainties associated with metal abundances in the Orion Nebula Cluster represent the primary limitation for the deduction of a definitive N_H/A_V ratio and the physical interpretation of these results.