Augmenting Supervised Neural Networks with Unsupervised Objectives for Large-scale Image Classification

TL;DR

This paper explores combining supervised and unsupervised learning by augmenting neural networks with decoding pathways, demonstrating improved large-scale image classification performance through joint training.

Contribution

It introduces a method to enhance supervised neural networks with unsupervised objectives using decoding pathways, improving accuracy on large-scale image classification tasks.

Findings

Intermediate activations retain most input information

Joint training improves classification accuracy

Autoencoder variants impact reconstruction quality

Abstract

Unsupervised learning and supervised learning are key research topics in deep learning. However, as high-capacity supervised neural networks trained with a large amount of labels have achieved remarkable success in many computer vision tasks, the availability of large-scale labeled images reduced the significance of unsupervised learning. Inspired by the recent trend toward revisiting the importance of unsupervised learning, we investigate joint supervised and unsupervised learning in a large-scale setting by augmenting existing neural networks with decoding pathways for reconstruction. First, we demonstrate that the intermediate activations of pretrained large-scale classification networks preserve almost all the information of input images except a portion of local spatial details. Then, by end-to-end training of the entire augmented architecture with the reconstructive objective, we show improvement of the network performance for supervised tasks. We evaluate several variants of autoencoders, including the recently proposed "what-where" autoencoder that uses the encoder pooling switches, to study the importance of the architecture design. Taking the 16-layer VGGNet trained under the ImageNet ILSVRC 2012 protocol as a strong baseline for image classification, our methods improve the validation-set accuracy by a noticeable margin.