Open Connect Everywhere: A Glimpse at the Internet Ecosystem through the Lens of the Netflix CDN

TL;DR

This paper examines how Netflix leverages the global IXP infrastructure to deliver high-quality content, revealing regional disparities and the significant role of IXPs in large-scale content delivery.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analysis of Netflix's worldwide CDN deployment and its reliance on IXPs for efficient content delivery across regions.

Findings

Netflix's CDN is heavily reliant on IXPs worldwide.

Regional disparities affect Netflix's deployment and traffic levels.

IXPs enable Netflix to deliver most traffic directly from their infrastructure.

Abstract

The importance of IXPs to interconnect different networks and exchange traffic locally has been well studied over the last few years. However, far less is known about the role IXPs play as a platform to enable large-scale content delivery and to reach a world-wide customer base. In this paper, we study the infrastructure deployment of a content hypergiant, Netflix, and show that the combined worldwide IXP substrate is the major corner stone of its Content Delivery Network. To meet its worldwide demand for high-quality video delivery, Netflix has built a dedicated CDN. Its scale allows us to study a major part of the Internet ecosystem, by observing how Netflix takes advantage of the combined capabilities of IXPs and ISPs present in different regions. We find wide disparities in the regional Netflix deployment and traffic levels at IXPs and ISPs across various local ecosystems. This highlights the complexity of large-scale content delivery as well as differences in the capabilities of IXPs in specific regions. On a global scale we find that the footprint provided by IXPs allows Netflix to deliver most of its traffic directly from them. This highlights the additional role that IXPs play in the Internet ecosystem, not just in terms of interconnection, but also allowing players such as Netflix to deliver significant amounts of traffic.