Critical slowing down and hyperuniformity on approach to jamming

TL;DR

This paper investigates the relationship between hyperuniformity and jamming in disordered packings, revealing that near-perfect jamming correlates with hyperuniformity and highlighting challenges in generating exactly jammed configurations due to critical slowing down.

Contribution

It introduces a modified linear programming method to test jamming in large packings and links deviations from hyperuniformity to numerical difficulties in achieving strict jamming.

Findings

Deviations from hyperuniformity are partly due to critical slowing down in generating exactly-jammed packings.

Protocols vary in their ability to produce hyperuniform packings, with some approaching jamming more effectively.

Strict jamming correlates with near-hyperuniformity, suggesting rattler-free MRJ packings may exist.

Abstract

Hyperuniformity characterizes a state of matter that is poised at a critical point at which density or volume-fraction fluctuations are anomalously suppressed at infinite wavelengths. Recently, much attention has been given to the link between strict jamming and hyperuniformity in frictionless hard-particle packings. Doing so requires one to study very large packings, which can be difficult to jam properly. We modify the rigorous linear programming method of Donev et al. [J. Comp. Phys. 197, 139 (2004)] in order to test for jamming in putatively jammed packings of hard-disks in two dimensions. We find that various standard packing protocols struggle to reliably create packings that are jammed for even modest system sizes; importantly, these packings appear to be jammed by conventional tests. We present evidence that suggests that deviations from hyperuniformity in putative maximally random jammed (MRJ) packings can in part be explained by a shortcoming in generating exactly-jammed configurations due to a type of "critical slowing down" as the necessary rearrangements become difficult to realize by numerical protocols. Additionally, various protocols are able to produce packings exhibiting hyperuniformity to different extents, but this is because certain protocols are better able to approach exactly-jammed configurations. Nonetheless, while one should not generally expect exact hyperuniformity for disordered packings with rattlers, we find that when jamming is ensured, our packings are very nearly hyperuniform, and deviations from hyperuniformity correlate with an inability to ensure jamming, suggesting that strict jamming and hyperuniformity are indeed linked. This raises the possibility that the ideal MRJ packings have no rattlers. Our work provides the impetus for the development of packing algorithms that produce large disordered strictly jammed packings that are rattler-free.