Quantum phase transitions in a generalized compass chain with three-site interactions

TL;DR

This paper exactly solves a 1D quantum compass model with three-site interactions, revealing novel chiral phases, their order parameters, and magnetoelectric effects, enriching understanding of quantum phase transitions.

Contribution

It introduces an exact solution for a generalized compass chain with three-site interactions, identifying new chiral phases and their properties.

Findings

Discovery of two distinct chiral phases with gapless fermionic excitations.

Scalar chirality as an order parameter for chiral phases.

Magnetoelectric effect enabling polarization control via magnetic field.

Abstract

We consider a class of one-dimensional compass models with XYZ$-$YZX-type of three-site exchange interaction in an external magnetic field. We present the exact solution derived by means of Jordan-Wigner transformation, and study the excitation gap, spin correlations, and establish the phase diagram. Besides the canted antiferromagnetic and polarized phases, the three-site interactions induce two distinct chiral phases, corresponding to gapless spinless-fermion systems having two or four Fermi points. We find that the $z$ component of scalar chirality operator can act as an order parameter for these chiral phases. We also find that the thermodynamic quantities including the Wilson ratio can characterize the liquid phases. Finally, a nontrivial magnetoelectric effect is explored, and we show that the polarization can be manipulated by the magnetic field in the absence of electric field.