Coherent population trapping with polarization modulation

TL;DR

This paper investigates a polarization modulation technique in coherent population trapping (CPT) that enhances signal contrast and stability, with potential applications in atomic clocks and magnetometers.

Contribution

It introduces and experimentally validates a double-modulation CPT scheme that improves contrast and compactness over traditional methods.

Findings

High contrast CPT signals achieved with double modulation

Atomic population remains in non-leaking Zeeman states

A seven-level model explains the experimental results

Abstract

Coherent population trapping (CPT) is extensively studied for future vapor cell clocks of high frequency stability. In the constructive polarization modulation CPT scheme, a bichromatic laser field with polarization and phase synchronously modulated is applied on an atomic medium. A high contrast CPT signal is observed in this so-called double-modulation configuration, due to the fact that the atomic population does not leak to the extreme Zeeman states, and that the two CPT dark states, which are produced successively by the alternate polarizations, add constructively. Here we experimentally investigate CPT signal dynamics first in the usual configuration, a single circular polarization. The double-modulation scheme is then addressed in both cases: one pulse Rabi interaction and two pulses Ramsey interaction. The impact and the optimization of the experimental parameters involved in the time sequence are reviewed. We show that a simple sevenlevel model explains the experimental observations. The double-modulation scheme yields a high contrast similar to the one of other high contrast configurations like push-pull optical pumping or crossed linear polarization scheme, with a setup allowing a higher compactness. The constructive polarization modulation is attractive for atomic clock, atomic magnetometer and high precision spectroscopy applications.