Fractional lattice charge transport

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electrons on a square lattice exhibit fractional charge transport under magnetic flux and electric fields, revealing novel relativistic and ballistic behaviors in specific spectral conditions.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of fractionalization of charge transport in lattice systems with magnetic flux and electric fields, highlighting new relativistic and dispersive phenomena.

Findings

Fractional charge transport occurs at rational magnetic flux values.

Dispersive ballistic and relativistic transport coexist in the system.

Spectral gaps induce fractionalization of electron motion.

Abstract

We consider the dynamics of noninteracting electrons on a square lattice in the presence of a magnetic flux {\alpha} and a dc electric field E oriented along the lattice diagonal. In general, the adiabatic dynamics of an electron will be characterized by Bloch oscillations in the electrical field direction and dispersive ballistic transport in the perpendicular direction. For rational values of {\alpha} and a corresponding discrete set of values of E({\alpha}) vanishing gaps in the spectrum induce a fractionalization of the charge in the perpendicular direction - while left movers are still performing dispersive ballistic transport, the complementary fraction of right movers is propagating in a dispersionless relativistic manner in the opposite direction. Generalizations to other field directions, lattice symmetries and the possible probing of the effect with atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and photonic networks are discussed.