Observations of the Lensed Quasar Q2237+0305 with CanariCam at GTC

TL;DR

This study uses mid-IR observations of the lensed quasar Q2237+0305 to constrain the size and temperature profile of its accretion disk, and to investigate the presence of substructure in the lensing galaxy.

Contribution

First mid-IR measurements of Q2237+0305 are used to analyze the quasar's accretion disk structure and lens substructure, providing new constraints on disk size, temperature profile, and satellite fraction.

Findings

Half-light radius of the accretion disk is approximately 3.4 light-days.

Temperature profile exponent p is estimated at 0.79, close to the standard thin-disk model.

Estimated satellite surface density fraction near the images is around 1-3%.

Abstract

We present new mid-IR observations of the quadruply lensed quasar Q2237+0305 taken with CanariCam on the Gran Telescopio Canarias. Mid-IR emission by hot dust, unlike the optical and near-IR emission from the accretion disk, is unaffected by the interstellar medium (extinction/scattering) or stellar microlensing. We compare these "true" ratios to the (stellar) microlensed flux ratios observed in the optical/near-IR to constrain the structure of the quasar accretion disk. We find a half-light radius of $R_{1/2}=3.4_{-2.1}^{+5.3}\sqrt{\langle M \rangle/0.3\,\rm{M_{\odot}}}$ light-days at $\lambda_{rest}=1736$ {\AA}, and an exponent for the temperature profile $R \propto \lambda^{p}$ of $p=0.79\pm0.55$, where $p=4/3$ for a standard thin-disk model. If we assume that the differences in the mid-IR flux ratios measured over the years are due to microlensing variability, we find a lower limit for the size of the mid-IR-emitting region of $R_{1/2} \gtrsim 200\,\sqrt{\langle M \rangle/0.3\,\rm{M_{\odot}}}$ light-days. We also test for the presence of substructure/satellites by comparing the observed mid-IR flux ratios with those predicted from smooth lens models. We can explain the differences if the surface density fraction in satellites near the lensed images is $\alpha = 0.033_{-0.019}^{+0.046}$ for a singular isothermal ellipsoid plus external shear mass model or $\alpha = 0.013_{-0.008}^{+0.019}$ for a mass model combining ellipsoidal NFW and de Vaucouleurs profiles in an external shear.