A model that underlies the Standard model

TL;DR

This paper proposes a flavor symmetry-based model that explains the origin of fermion masses, gauge boson masses, and dark matter candidates through spontaneous symmetry breaking and composite states, providing a unified framework for Standard Model phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a flavor $SU(3)_f$ gauge symmetry that spontaneously breaks to generate fermion masses, gauge boson masses, and predicts composite particles including axions and inflatons.

Findings

Spontaneous breaking of $SU(3)_f$ generates fermion and gauge boson masses.

Predicts three axions as dark matter candidates.

Identifies composite inflatons among sterile neutrino states.

Abstract

We assign the chiral fermion fields of the Standard model to triplets of flavor (family, generation, horizontal) $SU(3)_f$ symmetry, for anomaly freedom add one triplet of sterile right-handed neutrino fields, and gauge that symmetry. First we demonstrate that the resulting quantum flavor $SU(3)_f$ dynamics completely spontaneously self-breaks: Both the Majorana masses of sterile neutrinos and the masses of all eight flavor gluons come out proportional to the $SU(3)_f$ scale $\Lambda$. Mixing of sterile neutrinos yields new CP-violating phases needed for understanding the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Second, the $SU(3)_f$ dynamics with weak hypercharge radiative corrections spontaneously generates the lepton and quark masses exponentially suppressed with respect to $\Lambda$. Three active neutrinos come out as Majorana particles extremely light by seesaw. The Goldstone theorem implies: (i) The electroweak bosons $W$ and $Z$ acquire masses. (ii) There are three axions, decent candidates for dark matter. Invisibility of the Weinberg-Wilczek axion $a$ with mass $m_a \sim \rm m^2_{\pi}/\Lambda$ restricts the scale $\Lambda$ from $\Lambda \sim \rm 10^{10} GeV$ upwards. Third, the composite 'would-be' Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons of all spontaneously broken gauge symmetries have their {\it genuine composite} massive partners: (i) One $0^{+}$ flavorless Higgs-like particle $h$ accompanying three electroweak 'would-be' NG bosons. (ii) Two $0^{+}$ flavored Higgs-like particles $h_3$ and $h_8$ accompanying six flavored electroweak 'would-be' NG bosons. (iii) Three superheavy spin-zero sterile-neutrino-composites $\chi_i$ accompanying eight flavored sterile-neutrino-composite 'would-be' NG bosons. We identify $\chi_i$ with inflatons.