Searching for galactic axions through magnetized media: the QUAX proposal

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel method to detect QCD axions in the 200 μeV mass range by observing spin flips in a magnetized medium, leveraging axion-electron coupling and quantum detection in cryogenic conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a new experimental approach using resonant spin interactions and quantum counters to search for axions, improving detection sensitivity in the dark matter context.

Findings

Potential to detect axions via spin flip signals

Use of quantum counters enhances detection sensitivity

Method addresses thermal photon background challenges

Abstract

We present a proposal to search for QCD axions with mass in the 200 $\mu$eV range, assuming that they make a dominant component of dark matter. Due to the axion-electron spin coupling, their effect is equivalent to the application of an oscillating rf field with frequency and amplitude fixed by the axion mass and coupling respectively. This equivalent magnetic field would produce spin flips in a magnetic sample placed inside a static magnetic field, which determines the resonant interaction at the Larmor frequency. Spin flips would subsequently emit radio frequency photons that can be detected by a suitable quantum counter in an ultra-cryogenic environment. This new detection technique is crucial to keep under control the thermal photon background which would otherwise produce a too large noise.