Hierarchical self-assembly of nanoparticles for optical metamaterials

TL;DR

This paper presents a hierarchical self-assembly method to create isotropic optical metamaterials with strong artificial magnetism in blue light, enabling scalable fabrication of bulk nanostructured materials with potential for low-loss optical applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel hierarchical self-assembly process combining colloidal and microfluidic techniques to produce bulk isotropic optical metamaterials with magnetic properties.

Findings

Successfully created isotropic magnetic metamaterials in blue light

Demonstrated accurate modeling with isotropic magnetic permeability

Enabled large-volume fabrication of nanostructured materials

Abstract

Hierarchical self-assembly arranges nanostructures at different length scales. It gradually becomes an effective method of fabricating artificial metamaterials from composite nanostructures tailored for a particular response. Hierarchical self-assembly overcomes shortcomings of "top-down" methods by significantly reducing fabrication time and making it possible to form bulk materials. Here we report an application of hierarchical self-assembly of metal nanoparticles for the creation of the first isotropic optical metamaterial with strong artificial magnetism in blue light. We have used colloidal self-assembly to create artificial "nanomolecules" that generate the desired magnetic response and microfluidic self-assembly to produce a bulk metastructure. We demonstrate that the magnetic response of the final material is accurately described by an isotropic magnetic permeability that satisfies the principle of locality. Our approach unlocks the fabrication of large volumes of composite nanomaterials. Moreover, the spatial disorder inherent to this "bottom-up" method holds the key to solving the non-locality problem. The technique can be readily extended to the future generations of low-loss optical metamaterials made of dielectric nano-blocks to bypass the limitations of optical losses associated with plasmonic resonances in noble metals.