High rate, fast timing Glass RPC for the high {\eta} CMS muon detectors

TL;DR

This paper presents the development and testing of high-rate, fast-timing Glass RPC detectors using low-resistivity glass for enhanced muon detection in the CMS experiment's high-eta region during HL-LHC operations.

Contribution

It introduces a new generation of Glass-RPC technology with low-resistivity glass, designed for high-rate environments and fast timing, suitable for the CMS muon detectors in HL-LHC conditions.

Findings

Prototypes demonstrate high-rate capability and good timing resolution.

Designs for large chambers with fast electronics are proposed and preliminarily tested.

Performance studies show suitability for high-luminosity LHC upgrades.

Abstract

The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale the instantaneous luminosity would also increase by an order of magnitude up to $6.10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ . The region of the forward muon spectrometer ($|{\eta}| > 1.6$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to $2 kHz/cm^{2}$ (including a safety factor 3) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The actual RPC technology of CMS cannot sustain the expected background level. The new technology that will be chosen should have a high rate capability and provides a good spatial and timing resolution. A new generation of Glass-RPC (GRPC) using low-resistivity (LR) glass is proposed to equip at least the two most far away of the four high ${\eta}$ muon stations of CMS. First the design of small size prototypes and studies of their performance in high-rate particles flux is presented. Then the proposed designs for large size chambers and their fast-timing electronic readout are examined and preliminary results are provided.