A flipped 331 model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel flipped 331 model where all three quark families share the same representation, and lepton families are distinguished by the gauge symmetry, offering a different approach to fermion assignments in 331 models.

Contribution

The paper proposes a flipped 331 model with a unique fermion assignment, contrasting traditional models, and analyzes its implications for fermion masses, mixing, and $Z'$ interactions.

Findings

All three quark families are in the same representation.

Lepton families are distinguished by the gauge symmetry.

Analysis of fermion masses and $Z'$ interactions.

Abstract

Models based on the extended $SU(3)_{C}\times SU(3)_{L}\times U(1)_{X}$ (331) gauge group usually follow a common pattern: two families of left-handed quarks are placed in anti-triplet representations of the $SU(3)_{L}$ group; the remaining quark family, as well as the left-handed leptons, are assigned to triplets (or vice-versa). In this work we present a flipped 331 model where this scheme is reversed: all three quarks families are in the same representation and it is the lepton families which are discriminated by the gauge symmetry. We discuss fermion masses and mixing, as well as $Z'$ interactions, in a minimal model implementing this idea.