Time Evolution of the Matter Content of the Expanding Universe in the Framework of Brans-Dicke Gravity

TL;DR

This paper develops a Brans-Dicke cosmological model where matter converts into dark energy over time, analyzing how this non-conservation affects cosmic evolution and parameters like the deceleration parameter and dark energy EoS.

Contribution

It introduces a novel time-dependent matter function in Brans-Dicke gravity, modeling matter-dark energy conversion and exploring its impact on cosmological dynamics.

Findings

Matter content decreases monotonically over time.

Deceleration parameter exhibits a signature flip.

Dark energy EoS parameter varies with matter conversion.

Abstract

A cosmological model has been constructed in the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) gravity, based on an inter-conversion between matter and dark energy, for a spatially flat universe in the era of pressureless dust. To account for the non-conservartion of the matter content, a function of time f(t) has been arbitrarily put into the expression of the density of matter. By definition, f(t) is proportional to the matter content of the universe. Using suitable ansazes for scale factor and scalar field, the functional form of f(t) has been determined from the BD field equations. The scale factor has been so chosen that it would cause a signature flip of the deceleration parameter with time. The function f(t) decreases monotonically with time, indicating a transformation of matter into dark energy. Time dependence of the proportions of matter and dark energy of the universe has been determined. The effect of non-conservation of the matter content upon various cosmological parameters has been explored in the present study. Two models of matter-energy interaction have been proposed and f(t) has been expressed as a function of their interaction term. The dark energy equation-of-state (EoS) parameter has been expressed and analyzed in terms of f(t).