Quantifying resonant and near-resonant interactions in rotating turbulence

TL;DR

This paper develops a method to measure the resonance of triadic interactions in rotating turbulence, revealing the dominance of resonant and near-resonant triads in energy transfer and their role in flow anisotropy.

Contribution

It introduces a direct measurement technique for triad resonance in turbulent flows and applies it to rotating turbulence to analyze energy transfer mechanisms.

Findings

Resonant and near-resonant triads dominate energy transfer in rotating turbulence.

Near-resonant triads facilitate energy transfer to two-dimensional modes.

Marginally near-resonant and non-resonant triads significantly influence mode coupling.

Abstract

Nonlinear triadic interactions are at the heart of our understanding of turbulence. In flows where waves are present modes must not only be in a triad to interact, but their frequencies must also satisfy an extra condition: the interactions that dominate the energy transfer are expected to be resonant. We derive equations that allow direct measurement of the actual degree of resonance of each triad in a turbulent flow. We then apply the method to the case of rotating turbulence, where eddies coexist with inertial waves. We show that for a range of wave numbers, resonant and near-resonant triads are dominant, the latter allowing a transfer of net energy towards two-dimensional modes that would be inaccessible otherwise. The results are in good agreement with approximations often done in theories of rotating turbulence, and with the mechanism of parametric instability proposed to explain the development of anisotropy in such flows. We also observe that, at least for the moderate Rossby numbers studied here, marginally near-resonant and non-resonant triads play a non-negligible role in the coupling of modes.