Effect of size on necking of dynamically loaded notched bars

TL;DR

This study numerically investigates how the size of notched bars influences the location of necking under dynamic loading, highlighting the role of material inertia and properties in this transition.

Contribution

It introduces a non-dimensional analysis revealing how bar size and material properties govern necking behavior in dynamic conditions.

Findings

Small bars tend to neck at the notch

Large bars tend to neck away from the notch

Transition depends on material inertia and properties

Abstract

The influence of material inertia on neck development in a notched round bar is analyzed numerically. Dynamic axisymmetric calculations are carried out for isotropically hardening elastic-viscoplastic solids so that both material strain rate sensitivity and material inertia are accounted for. The focus is on the effect of bar size on whether the notch triggers necking or necking initiates away from the notch. The governing equations are presented in non-dimensional form and two key non-dimensional groups that involve both material and loading parameters are identified. For both non-dimensional groups, with all parameters fixed except for bar size, it is found that for sufficiently small bars, the notch triggers necking, whereas for sufficiently large bars necking ultimately occurs away from the notch. With material properties fixed, for one non-dimensional group the transition to necking away from the notch corresponds to increasing imposed velocity whereas for the other non- dimensional group this transition takes place for decreasing imposed strain rate. Both these transitions correspond to increasing bar size. The results indicate that this transition is governed by material inertia but the bar size at which it occurs depends on the material properties, particularly strain hardening and strain rate hardening.