Flux Loop Measurements of the Magnetic Flux Density in the CMS Magnet Yoke

TL;DR

This paper reports on flux loop measurements of the magnetic flux density in the steel yoke of the CMS magnet at CERN, combining experimental measurements with 3D modeling to understand the magnetic field distribution.

Contribution

It introduces a measurement system using flux loops and Hall sensors, and compares results with a detailed 3D magnetic model of the CMS magnet yoke.

Findings

Flux measurements obtained during magnet discharge.

Comparison with TOSCA 3D model shows good agreement.

First measurements of magnetic flux density in CMS steel yoke.

Abstract

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose detector, designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with 6-m-diameter by 12.5-m-length free bore, enclosed inside a 10,000-ton return yoke made of construction steel. The return yoke consists of five dodecagonal three-layered barrel wheels and four end-cap disks at each end comprised of steel blocks up to 620 mm thick, which serve as the absorber plates of the muon detection system. To measure the field in and around the steel, a system of 22 flux loops and 82 3-D Hall sensors is installed on the return yoke blocks. A TOSCA 3-D model of the CMS magnet is developed to describe the magnetic field everywhere outside the tracking volume measured with the field-mapping machine. The first attempt is made to measure the magnetic flux density in the steel blocks of the CMS magnet yoke using the standard magnet discharge with the current ramp down speed of 1.5 A/s.