A Single-Photon Imager Based on Microwave Plasmonic Superconducting Nanowire

TL;DR

This paper introduces a scalable single-photon imager using a superconducting nanowire that guides microwave plasmons, enabling high spatial and temporal resolution with minimal readout lines, advancing photon detection technology.

Contribution

The work demonstrates a novel microwave plasmonic superconducting nanowire design for scalable, high-resolution single-photon imaging with simplified readout requirements.

Findings

Resolved approximately 590 effective pixels.

Achieved a temporal resolution of 50 ps.

Used only two readout lines for the entire nanowire.

Abstract

Detecting spatial and temporal information of individual photons by using single-photon-detector (SPD) arrays is critical to applications in spectroscopy, communication, biological imaging, astronomical observation, and quantum-information processing. Among the current SPDs1,detectors based on superconducting nanowires have outstanding performance2, but are limited in their ability to be integrated into large scale arrays due to the engineering difficulty of high-bandwidth cryogenic electronic readout3-8. Here, we address this problem by demonstrating a scalable single-photon imager using a single continuous photon-sensitive superconducting nanowire microwave-plasmon transmission line. By appropriately designing the nanowire's local electromagnetic environment so that the nanowire guides microwave plasmons, the propagating voltages signals generated by a photon-detection event were slowed down to ~ 2% of the speed of light. As a result, the time difference between arrivals of the signals at the two ends of the nanowire naturally encoded the position and time of absorption of the photon. Thus, with only two readout lines, we demonstrated that a 19.7-mm-long nanowire meandered across an area of 286 {\mu}m * 193 {\mu}m was capable of resolving ~590 effective pixels while simultaneously recording the arrival times of photons with a temporal resolution of 50 ps. The nanowire imager presents a scalable approach to realizing high-resolution photon imaging in time and space.