First Principles Attempt to Unify some Population Growth Models

TL;DR

This paper derives phenomenological population growth models from a microscopic interaction-based model, providing a first-principles understanding and unifying different growth behaviors through individual interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a microscopic interaction model that explains and unifies classical population growth models from fundamental principles.

Findings

Microscopic model reproduces Verhulst, Gompertz, Bertalanffy models as special cases.

Model links interaction decay and spatial structure to growth dynamics.

Provides a framework for universal patterns in diverse growth systems.

Abstract

In this work, some phenomenological models, those that are based only on the population information (macroscopic level), are deduced in an intuitive way. These models, as for instance Verhulst, Gompertz and Bertalanffy models, are posted in such a manner that all the parameters involved have physical interpretation. A model based on the interaction (distance dependent) between the individuals (microscopic level) is also presented. This microscopic model reachs the phenomenological models presented as particular cases. In this approach, the Verhulst model represents the situation in which all the individuals interact in the same way, regardless of the distance between them. That means Verhulst model is a kind of mean field model. The other phenomenological models are reaching from the microscopic model according to two quantities: i) the relation between the way that the interaction decays with the distance; and ii) the dimension of the spatial structure formed by the population. This microscopic model allows understanding population growth by first principles, because it predicts that some phenomenological models can be seen as a consequence of the same individual level kind of interaction. In this sense, the microscopic model that will be discussed here paves the way to finding universal patterns that are common to all types of growth, even in systems of very different nature.