Memory effect from supernova neutrino shells

TL;DR

This paper investigates a permanent memory effect caused by supernova neutrino shells, which alters spacetime geometry and can be observed through pulsar scintillation and interferometry, featuring both transverse and longitudinal components.

Contribution

It introduces a novel memory effect from supernova neutrino shells, including a growing transverse component, expanding understanding of gravitational memory phenomena.

Findings

Memory effect causes permanent changes in spacetime geometry.

Observable responses include pulsar scintillation and interferometer signals.

The effect has both transverse and longitudinal components, with the transverse part growing over time.

Abstract

When a supernova explodes, most of its energy is released in a shell of relativistic neutirnos which changes the surrounding geometry. We calculate the potentially observable responses to such a change in both pulsar scintillation and conventional interferometers. In both cases, the responses are permanent changes due to such a transient event. This is by-definition a memory effect. In addition to the transverse component in the usual gravitational memory (Christodolou effect) effect, it also has a longitudinal component. Furthermore it is different from the Christodolou effect as the transverse component of this memory effect also has a term that grows with time.