Observation of Majorana Quasiparticles Surface States in Superfluid ${^3}$He-B by Heat Capacity Measurements

TL;DR

This study provides direct heat capacity measurements of Majorana quasiparticles in superfluid helium-3 B-phase, confirming their surface-bound states and analyzing their contributions relative to bulk properties.

Contribution

First direct heat capacity measurements of Majorana quasiparticles in superfluid helium-3 B-phase, demonstrating their surface localization and quantifying their impact.

Findings

Majorana quasiparticles contribute significantly to heat capacity near surfaces.

Different surface-to-volume ratios affect the quasiparticle contribution.

Adsorbed helium-3 layers influence heat capacity measurements.

Abstract

We report about direct measurements of heat capacity of Majorana quasiparticles in superfluid ${^3}$He-B which appear near the surface of the experimental bolometer on the coherence length ${\xi}$. Two bolometers with different surface-to-volume ratios were used which allows us to have different calibrated contributions from Majorana quasiparticles to the ${^3}$He heat capacity. Estimations of possible impact of ${^3}$He layers adsorbed on the walls of the bolometer have been done.