Dynamic polaron response from variational imaginary time evolution

TL;DR

This paper develops a variational approach to compute the zero-temperature polaron impedance, revealing how small energy changes can significantly affect optical conductivity, and improves strong coupling results.

Contribution

It introduces a variational method using the impedance function as a parameter, enhancing the accuracy of strong coupling polaron models compared to previous approaches.

Findings

Small energy variations cause large changes in optical conductivity.

The method recovers standard weak coupling results.

Strong coupling inconsistencies are eliminated.

Abstract

An variational expression for the zero temperature polaron impedance is obtained by minimizing the free energy in a generalized quadratic Feynman model. The impedance function of the quadratic model serves as the variational parameter. It is shown that a very small change in the energy can be accompanied by a large change in the optical conductivity. This is related to the insensitivity of the Jensen-Feynman free energy to the UV properties of the model. Analytic and numeric results are derived for the Fr\"ohlich polaron in weak and strong coupling. Standard results are recovered at weak coupling but, more importantly, strong coupling inconsistencies are removed.