Small sumsets in real line : a continuous 3k-4 theorem

TL;DR

This paper extends Freiman's 3k-4 theorem to the continuous setting in the real line, revealing structural properties of sets with small sumsets using measure and density analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a continuous analogue of Freiman's 3k-4 theorem, providing new structural insights and characterizations for sets with small sumsets in .

Findings

Structural properties of sets with small sumsets in .

Characterization of extremal sets where bounds are tight.

Insights into large density sets with small sumsets.

Abstract

We prove a continuous Freiman's $3k-4$ theorem for small sumsets in $\mathbb{R}$ by using some ideas from Ruzsa's work on measure of sumsets in $\mathbb{R}$ as well as some graphic representation of density functions of sets. We thereby get some structural properties of $A$, $B$ and $A+B$ when $\lambda(A+B)<\lambda(A)+\lambda(B)+\min(\lambda(A),\lambda(B))$. We also give some structural information for sets of large density with small sumset and characterize the extremal sets for which equality holds in the lower bounds for $\lambda(A+B)$.