Modelling the post-reionization neutral Hydrogen (\HI) bias

TL;DR

This paper models the distribution and bias of neutral Hydrogen ( ext{HI}) after reionization using semi-numerical simulations, providing polynomial fits for bias and stochasticity across redshifts and scales to aid future cosmological observations.

Contribution

It introduces a complex ext{HI} bias model with polynomial fits for its redshift and scale dependence, enhancing the interpretation of 21-cm signal observations.

Findings

Developed semi-numerical simulations for ext{HI} distribution

Derived polynomial fits for ext{HI} bias across redshifts and scales

Analyzed the stochasticity of ext{HI} and matter correlation

Abstract

Observations of the neutral Hydrogen (\HI ) 21-cm signal hold the potential of allowing us to map out the cosmological large scale structures (LSS) across the entire post-reionization era ($z \leq 6$). Several experiments are planned to map the LSS over a large range of redshifts and angular scales, many of these targeting the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. It is important to model the \HI distribution in order to correctly predict the expected signal, and more so to correctly interpret the results after the signal is detected. In this paper we have carried out semi-numerical simulations to model the \HI distribution and study the \HI power spectrum $P_{\HI}(k,z)$ across the redshift range $1 \le z \le 6$. We have modelled the \HI bias as a complex quantity $\tilde{b}(k,z)$ whose modulus squared $b^2(k,z)$ relates $P_{\HI}(k,z)$ to the matter power spectrum $P(k,z)$, and whose real part $b_r(k,z)$ quantifies the cross-correlation between the \HI and the matter distribution. We study the $z$ and $k$ dependence of the bias, and present polynomial fits which can be used to predict the bias across $0 \le z \le6$ and $0.01 \le k \le 10 \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. We also present results for the stochasticity $r=b_r/b$ which is important for cross-correlation studies.