Bell's Inequalities for Continuous-Variable Systems in Generic Squeezed States

TL;DR

This paper investigates Bell's inequalities in continuous-variable bipartite systems using generic two-mode squeezed states, revealing conditions under which quantum violations occur, especially considering arbitrary squeezing angles relevant to cosmological contexts.

Contribution

It extends previous analyses by including arbitrary squeezing angles and optimizing measurement configurations, uncovering new regimes for Bell inequality violations in continuous-variable systems.

Findings

Bell's inequality can be violated for large enough squeezing parameter r.

Violation depends on small squeezing angles, approximately less than 0.34*e^{-r}.

New phenomenology emerges when considering generic squeezing angles, relevant to cosmology.

Abstract

Bell's inequality for continuous-variable bipartite systems is studied. The inequality is expressed in terms of pseudo-spin operators and quantum expectation values are calculated for generic two-mode squeezed states characterized by a squeezing parameter $r$ and a squeezing angle $\varphi$. Allowing for generic values of the squeezing angle is especially relevant when $\varphi$ is not under experimental control, such as in cosmic inflation, where small quantum fluctuations in the early Universe are responsible for structures formation. Compared to previous studies restricted to $\varphi=0$ and to a fixed orientation of the pseudo-spin operators, allowing for $\varphi\neq 0$ and optimizing the angular configuration leads to a completely new and rich phenomenology. Two dual schemes of approximation are designed that allow for comprehensive exploration of the squeezing parameters space. In particular, it is found that Bell's inequality can be violated when the squeezing parameter $r$ is large enough, $r\gtrsim 1.12$, and the squeezing angle $\varphi$ is small enough, $\varphi\lesssim 0.34\,e^{-r}$.