A new approach for strong-field ionization

TL;DR

This paper introduces a velocity gauge model for strong-field ionization that incorporates initial state coupling, continuum-continuum transitions, and Coulomb effects, providing improved predictions over traditional approximations.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel velocity gauge model that accurately describes electronic transitions in strong laser fields, including continuum interactions and Coulomb effects, validated against Schrödinger equation solutions.

Findings

Model accurately predicts initial state amplitude.

Continuum-continuum coupling improves energy spectrum description.

Coulomb wave functions enhance ionization predictions.

Abstract

A model describing the electronic transitions in an atom subject to a strong high frequency laser pulse is proposed in the velocity gauge. The model accounts for the initial state coupling with the the remaining discrete and continuum spectra. Continuum-continuum transitions are also taken into account following well known strong-field approximation. A single integro-differential equation for the initial state amplitude has been obtained. Exact numerical solutions of this equation are computed and compared with the full time dependent Schr{\"o}dinger equation solution for Hydrogen atoms. The initial state amplitude is well described by two versions of the model: with and without the continuum-continuum coupling model. However the electron energy spectrum is only well described when the model accounts for the coupling between continuum states. Improvement on SFA arise from using Coulomb final wave function as well as regarding the initial state probability depletion.