Magnetic shift of the chemical freezeout and electric charge fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper investigates how strong magnetic fields influence the chemical freezeout conditions and electric charge fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, suggesting these observables can serve as magnetic field probes.

Contribution

It introduces a model-based analysis of magnetic field effects on chemical freezeout points and charge fluctuations, highlighting the potential of charge fluctuations as magnetic field indicators.

Findings

Magnetic fields lower the chemical freezeout temperature.

Electric charge fluctuations are significantly enhanced at high baryon density.

Charge chemical potential is highly sensitive to magnetic field strength.

Abstract

We discuss the effect of a strong magnetic field on the chemical freezeout points in the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision. As a result of the inverse magnetic catalysis or the magnetic inhibition, the crossover onset to hot and dense matter out of quarks and gluons should be shifted to a lower temperature. To quantify this shift we employ the hadron resonance gas model and an empirical condition for the chemical freezeout. We point out that the charged particle abundances are significantly affected by the magnetic field so that the electric charge fluctuation is largely enhanced especially at high baryon density. The charge conservation partially cancels the enhancement but our calculation shows that the electric charge fluctuation and the charge chemical potential could serve as a magnetometer. We find that the fluctuation exhibits a crossover behavior rapidly increased for eB >~ (0.4GeV)^2, while the charge chemical potential has better sensitivity to the magnetic field.