CV-QKD with Gaussian and non-Gaussian Entangled States over Satellite-based Channels

TL;DR

This paper explores the use of continuous-variable entangled states, both Gaussian and non-Gaussian, for quantum key distribution via satellite channels, highlighting how atmospheric conditions influence performance and viability.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of Gaussian and non-Gaussian CV states in atmospheric channels, revealing the impact of fading losses on QKD performance and viability.

Findings

Atmospheric fading can enable QKD where fixed losses prevent it.

Performance of Gaussian vs. non-Gaussian states varies with channel conditions.

Atmospheric channel characteristics significantly influence QKD effectiveness.

Abstract

In this work we investigate the effectiveness of continuous-variable (CV) entangled states, transferred through high-loss atmospheric channels, as a means of viable quantum key distribution (QKD) between terrestrial stations and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In particular, we investigate the role played by the Gaussian CV states as compared to non-Gaussian states. We find that beam-wandering induced atmospheric losses lead to QKD performance levels that are in general quite different from those found in fixed-attenuation channels. For example, circumstances can be found where no QKD is viable at some fixed loss in fiber but is viable at the same mean loss in fading channels. We also find that, in some circumstances, the QKD relative performance of Gaussian and non-Gaussian states can in atmospheric channels be the reverse of that found in fixed-attenuation channels. These findings show that the nature of the atmospheric channel can have a large impact on the QKD performance. Our results should prove useful for emerging global quantum communications that use LEO satellites as communication relays.