The negligible photodesorption of methanol ice and the active photon-induced desorption of its irradiation products

TL;DR

Laboratory experiments show that methanol ice exhibits negligible photodesorption under UV irradiation, but its irradiation products, like methane, do desorb, challenging existing explanations for gas-phase methanol in cold interstellar regions.

Contribution

This study provides the first laboratory evidence that methanol ice has negligible photodesorption, while its photoproducts actively desorb, clarifying desorption mechanisms in cold space environments.

Findings

Methanol photodesorption is below 3x10^-5 molecules per photon.

Photon-induced desorption of methanol's photoproducts, such as methane, was observed.

Methanol's dissociation under UV explains its low photodesorption rate.

Abstract

Methanol is a common component of interstellar and circumstellar ice mantles and is often used as an evolution indicator in star-forming regions. The observations of gas-phase methanol in the interiors of dense molecular clouds at temperatures as low as 10 K suggests that a non-thermal ice desorption must be active. Ice photodesorption was proposed to explain the abundances of gas-phase molecules toward the coldest regions. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the potential photodesorption of methanol toward the coldest regions. Solid methanol was deposited at 8 K and UV-irradiated at various temperatures starting from 8 K. The irradiation of the ice was monitored by means of infrared spectroscopy and the molecules in the gas phase were detected using quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Fully deuterated methanol was used for confirmation of the results. The photodesorption of methanol to the gas phase was not observed in the mass spectra at different irradiation temperatures. We estimate an upper limit of 3x10e-5 molecules per incident photon. On the other hand, photon-induced desorption of the main photoproducts was clearly observed. The negligible photodesorption of methanol could be explained by the ability of UV-photons in the 114 - 180 nm (10.87 - 6.88 eV) range to dissociate this molecule efficiently. Therefore, the presence of gas-phase methanol in the absence of thermal desorption remains unexplained. On the other hand, we find CH_4 to desorb from irradiated methanol ice, which was not found to desorb in the pure CH_4 ice irradiation experiments.